Mustard is familiar to every person. Today there are many types of mustard: it can be powdered seeds, whole seeds of a plant, as well as a paste in which, in addition to the mustard itself, water, vinegar, sugar and a number of other components are added. This seasoning is most popular in our country, as well as in Germany and a number of other European countries. True, our mustard is fundamentally different from European mustard not only in composition, but also in taste.

But mustard is not only a popular seasoning, but also a well-known drug used both in folk and official medicine, which has a lot of useful properties:

The main beneficial properties of mustard are antimicrobial, antifungal and anti-inflammatory effects. The bulk of the microbes that are in the stomach are "afraid" of mustard.
.mustard has antioxidant properties
.due to its laxative and enveloping effect, mustard is used for digestive disorders. It is useful to eat mustard during colds, it helps with coughs and laryngitis, it is widely used as a warming and irritating agent that increases blood circulation in the body. With a strong and prolonged runny nose, mustard powder is poured into socks at night and mustard foot baths are made.
.Various patches are made from mustard, which are used in the treatment of bronchitis, rheumatism, pneumonia, neuralgia, and is also used for radiculitis, gout, neuritis.
.Mustard powder is also used to wash oily scalp and strengthen hair.
.Mustard is widely used to treat skin diseases such as psoriasis and neurodermatitis.
.Mustard is considered an aphrodisiac that can kindle the "inner fire" (as well as ginger), it is used by men with impotence and women with infertility.
.There is a benefit of mustard for the nervous system, its use stimulates the blood circulation of the brain, enhances intelligence and improves memory. Some parents also use mustard for educational purposes, lubricate the child's nails so that he does not bite them.

The use of mustard in Ayurveda.

Ancient Indian Ayurveda says that mustard improves digestion, has a positive effect on the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract and the respiratory system. Also, mustard seeds, which have a spicy taste, increase pita dosha (digestive energy).

And all because mustard is an excellent expectorant, strengthens the immune system and relieves pain.
Patients are prepared with special mustard compresses, plasters, poultices, which do a very good job of relieving pain in muscles and joints. Specially prepared compresses can effectively deal with headaches. If you apply a compress simultaneously to the calf and neck area, then it will be possible to say goodbye to excruciating pain after half an hour. To prepare such an analgesic compress, you need to know a very simple recipe.

Mustard in Ayurveda recipes.

Mustard Pain Relief Compress Recipe. Mustard seeds should be finely crushed in a bowl, then mixed with warm water. Apply the resulting mustard paste through gauze to the place where the patient is in pain.

Recipe for expectoration of accumulated mucus in the lungs. Mix mustard seeds (0.5 tsp) with honey (1 tsp) and ghee- ghee (0.5 tsp). Such a very interesting mixture should be taken at least three times a day, always with warm water or milk. I have never tasted ghee myself, so I would even be interested in putting it on my tongue.

Recipe for tormented constipation and impaired digestion. As in the first recipe, mustard seeds in the amount of 5 pieces must be finely crushed. Then add honey (1 tsp) to the resulting mustard powder and mix. Reception - 15 minutes before eating. Drink warm water.

The use of mustard is a contraindication of Ayurveda.

It is logical that for every natural healer there are contraindications. And mustard is no exception. Ayurveda warns that large quantities of mustard should not be eaten by children under 2 years of age and pregnant women. The same applies to people with inflamed kidneys, tuberculosis or stomach ulcers. Also, one should not get too carried away with mustard when raising pita. In short, mustard should be eaten in moderation.

What is useful mustard for the body. Treatment.

There are many folk recipes treatment with mustard of some diseases, having familiarized yourself with which, you can understand how it is useful.

Mustard for hiccups.
According to traditional healers, this recipe helps to quickly overcome hiccups. Take a teaspoon and pour a little mustard powder into it. Add a bit of vinegar there and stir with a toothpick. With the gruel that turned out in the spoon, you need to smear the tongue. At the same time, a person experiences not the most pleasant sensations, but you need to be patient for 3 minutes and rinse your mouth with warm water.

Mask for hair growth with mustard.
Mustard powder is mixed in water with a temperature not exceeding 60 ° C and stirred until the consistency of gruel is obtained, which is used to lubricate problematic bald areas of the scalp. It will be hot (a burning sensation will appear), but you need to be patient for a couple of minutes and then wash off. This should be done for one month until hair appears. If they are not visible, then this treatment option is not suitable - you need to try something else.

A fun and effective recipe for the flu and the common cold.
Pour mustard powder into woolen long socks and walk like this for several days.

Mustard treatment for skin pigmentation.
To the consistency of gruel, stir the mustard powder (1 tsp) in warm water. Slurry is smeared with age spots on the skin until a burning sensation appears. Then rinse. This should be done every other day 7-10 times. But you need to be careful, as there are contraindications. You can not use such a mustard ointment for women prone to excess facial hair and people with dilated blood vessels in the skin.

Mustard seeds for gastric catarrh and dyspepsia.
With these diseases, traditional medicine strongly recommends drinking unground mustard seeds in the morning on an empty stomach. You need to start from small to large, and then vice versa. That is, on the first day you need to drink one seed, on the second - 2, on the third - 3, and so on up to 20. Then vice versa - reduce the intake by one seed every day until it reaches zero.

Mustard in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
As mentioned above, the use of mustard in food has a positive effect on the digestion process and improves metabolism. This seasoning helps to absorb fatty foods. In diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, mustard seed is recommended for admission. Namely, 1 tsp. mustard seeds are divided into several parts and eaten during the current day before meals or during meals.

Mustard baths against respiratory diseases and colds.
From mustard powder prepare common baths and foot baths. These baths help improve blood circulation and deepen breathing. They also help facilitate the separation of mucus. 10-minute mustard foot baths are taken for colds, but it is worth considering that such treatment is effective only at the beginning of the development of the disease.
With severe colds and persistent coughs, traditional medicine recommends taking mustard baths. To prepare a common bath with mustard, you need to take mustard powder (200 g for adults, 50 g for children) and slowly pour warm water into it, stirring, until a creamy consistency is obtained. Then pour into a bath with water having a temperature of no more than 36 ° C. Such a mustard bath should be taken no more than 10 minutes. After this time, you need to rinse for 1 minute under a warm shower and immediately wrap yourself in a blanket.
If you have a mild cold, you can try taking a mustard foot bath and steaming your feet with mustard. The principle of taking foot baths is exactly the same. Only you need to take half the mustard powder, and use woolen socks instead of a blanket.

On a note. You can't boil mustard! So she loses all her useful properties.

Mustard for fever.
This recipe includes the following ingredients: mustard, weak wine, salt. How to prepare a dose of therapeutic mixture for one dose. They take a small glass and pour wine into it, pour mustard (0.25 tsp) and salt (1 pinch) into it. Stir and drink 3 r. in a day.

Mustard for sciatica.
Traditional healers highly recommend the following useful recipes for radiculitis.
A mixture of sour cream consistency is being prepared. It is necessary to mix mustard powder (100 g), table salt(200 g) and purified kerosene. Mix well so that both mustard and salt are dissolved in kerosene. The resulting "sour cream" is rubbed where it hurts.
You can also prepare a different mixture. Add mustard powder (1 tbsp) to warm water at a temperature of approximately 50 ° C and grind it there until a creamy consistency. Spread "sour cream" on gauze or other cloth and apply where it hurts, not forgetting to cover with paper. Such a mustard plaster can be prepared not only from mustard. Instead, you can use black radish or horseradish.

Mustard for angina pectoris.
In order to stop an attack in this disease, it is recommended to make and take a hand bath with mustard. To prepare it, you need to dilute dry mustard powder (1 tbsp) in warm water (1 l). Then the hands are immersed in the bath for 7 minutes, after which you need to rinse your hands with warm water and blot with a towel. After this procedure, you can apply some kind of nourishing cream to your hands.

Mustard against cramps.
If a leg or arm has cramped, then traditional healers recommend taking mustard oil and rubbing the sore spot properly.

Mustard in case of loss of strength.
If there is a feeling that the forces are leaving and there is a loss of appetite, then this recipe should help. Take a radish and grate. Grated radish is eaten throughout the day and washed down with water (1 tablespoon). In addition, you need 1 p. per day, take 25-30 grains of fresh mustard, also washed down with water. And so for at least 20 days in a row.

Mustard in face and head skin care.
AT folk cosmetology mustard masks are used to get rid of wrinkles. To prepare them, you need to stir the mustard powder in warm water until sour cream thick and spread the resulting mixture on a cloth napkin. Cleanse your face and apply cream. Preferably nutritious. Then put a napkin on your face. After 5-6 minutes, with vegetable oil, remove the mustard mask. This procedure is usually done once a week. In order not to prepare a mask, you can use ready-made mustard plasters. Such masks are contraindicated for women who have dilated vessels on the face, are prone to excessive facial hair or have red acne.

Mustard against dry seborrhea.
This extremely unpleasant disease can also be treated with mustard powder, which in the amount of 1 tbsp. dilute in two glasses of warm water and then rub the resulting solution into the scalp. Wash off with warm water after 3 minutes.

Ground mustard as a spicy additive is used in the preparation of beef and pork, various game. It is added to sausages, fatty meats, egg dishes, marinades, gravies, vegetable oil, and salads from raw vegetables, it goes well with pickled cucumbers.

Mustard powder is the result of the processing of mustard seeds, a plant from the Cabbage family. To do this, they are dried and ground into dust, resulting in a homogeneous dry mass of almost white, yellow, beige or brown color. The powder is very soft to the touch, but has a not very pleasant, pungent and bitter smell. It tastes the same, so no one uses it in its pure and raw form. The homeland of the product is either present-day Afghanistan or China. In cooking, this ingredient is used to make mustard seasoning or as an additive to various dishes.

Composition and calorie content of mustard powder

Almost 50% of the product consists of mustard oil, another 2% is essential oils, approximately 5% is occupied by nitrogenous substances and pectins. The composition also contains potassium salt and sinigrin glycoside, which are to blame for the bitter taste of the powder. But they kill all microbes, preventing them from affecting the work of internal organs and systems.

The calorie content of mustard powder per 100 g is 378 kcal, of which:

  • Proteins - 37.1 g;
  • Fats - 11.1 g;
  • Carbohydrates - 32.6 g;
  • Dietary fiber - 5.9 g;
  • Water - 7.3 g;
  • Ash - 6 g.

Vitamins per 100 g:

  • A, RE - 5 mcg;
  • Beta-carotene - 0.03 mg;
  • B1, thiamine - 0.3 mg;
  • B2, riboflavin - 0.7 mg;
  • E, alpha-tocopherol, TE - 4.2 mg;
  • RR, NE - 6.4 mg.

Macronutrients per 100 g:

  • Potassium, K - 828 mg;
  • Calcium, Ca - 365 mg;
  • Magnesium, Mg - 453 mg;
  • Sodium, Na - 67 mg;
  • Phosphorus, Ph - 797 mg.

The composition of mustard powder includes such a trace element as iron, which contains 40 mg per 100 g, it is necessary for normal hematopoiesis. With its deficiency, anemia occurs, accompanied by itching, tingling in the limbs, weakness and dizziness.

Digestible carbohydrates per 100 g:

  • Starch and dextrins - 11 g;
  • Mono- and disaccharides (sugar) - 21.6 g.

The essential oils contained in the product greatly invigorate, give the body vitality, improve mood.

Useful properties of mustard powder

This product is indispensable for colds, fever, infection with various bacteria (streptococcus, staphylococcus) and fungi. The reason for this is the powerful antiseptic effect that it has. Its use has a beneficial effect on digestion, the nervous system, blood vessels, the work of the heart and brain. It is distinguished by bright cleansing, anti-inflammatory, hematopoietic, antiseptic properties.

Here are the systems for which the benefits of mustard powder will be huge:

  1. CNS. The product activates its work, invigorates a person, improves the conduction of impulses to the cerebral cortex. It is effective for neuralgia of various etymologies and stress, constant overwork, insomnia.
  2. Endocrine. The spice is relevant for diabetes, low hormone levels thyroid gland, her inflammation. It strengthens this organ and protects it from the negative effects of environmental factors. It is an excellent ingredient for the treatment and prevention of goiter.
  3. Urogenital. Mustard powder is effective in solving problems with frequent urination caused by infection of the corresponding channels with bacteria. It helps with cystitis, pyelonephritis, urolithiasis, salts and sands in the bladder and kidneys.
  4. reproductive. This product is an assistant to women in the prevention of inflammation of the ovaries and uterus, erosion of its neck and cysts. It protects against various infections, including sexually transmitted ones.
  5. digestive. Mustard is indicated for biliary dyskinesia, gastritis and colitis of viral origin, stool disorders, a feeling of heaviness in the stomach. It is recommended to eat in case of poor digestion of food and problems with the absorption of nutrients.
  6. Integumentary. This is an ideal remedy for combating dry and sluggish skin, acne, dermatitis and other skin lesions. It has proven to be excellent in the treatment of eczema, alopecia, flaking and brittle nails.
  7. Respiratory. Mustard powder prevents SARS, pharyngitis, laryngitis, bronchitis, tonsillitis, tonsillitis. With it, you can reduce the likelihood of rhinitis, tracheitis, sinusitis and catarrh. It also prevents the development of tuberculosis.
  8. Musculoskeletal. The use of spices provides prevention of protrusion, sciatica, osteochondrosis, rheumatism. As a result, pain in the back and joints decreases, their mobility improves, they become stronger and less prone to fractures and dislocations.
  9. Cardiovascular. Spice reduces the likelihood of developing angina and arrhythmia, heart attack and stroke. It prevents blood clots from forming and protects against varicose veins. All this is possible due to the presence of dietary fiber, phosphorus and potassium.

Mustard powder cleanses the body of toxins, stimulates hematopoiesis, increases hemoglobin levels and strengthens immune system. It improves memory and intelligence, saturates the cells with moisture and prevents the skin from drying out.

Ground black mustard (Mustard Black Powder) - hot spice with a sharp taste. Mustard is combined with fish and meat, used to make gravies, sauces and marinades.

Mustard properties:

  • eliminates diseases of the stomach;
  • fights pathogenic flora;
  • strengthens local immunity;
  • has a healing effect;
  • improves digestion;
  • improves metabolism;
  • stimulates appetite;
  • eliminates inflammation;
  • improves blood supply;
  • cures a cold.

Mustard contains sodium, zinc, iron, phosphorus, B vitamins.

Application in cooking

Mustard is a spicy spice with a nutty flavor.

The French use mustard to make ravigote sauce. AT Asian cuisine mustard is used to prepare salads, vegetables, used in any dishes as a condiment

To add spice, mustard is added to marinades and canned food. To prepare sauces, it is recommended to roast mustard seeds. This will maximize their taste and aroma.

Tomatoes, cucumbers are preserved with mustard, seasoning is added to meat and vegetable dishes.

In Asia, vegetables are stewed in mustard oil, they are seasoned with salads and added to various dishes instead of seasoning.

Compound: Brassica nigra (black mustard)

Country: India


Yellow mustard has a more delicate and spicy taste compared to black mustard and Sarepta.

A significant number of seeds are used in Food Industry for the production of various types of mixtures, spices and spices for canning vegetables and mushrooms. But the largest number of them is used to make table mustard. In the dairy industry, white mustard seeds are added to the curd mass.

mustard yellow used in whole or ground form for preserving vegetables, mushrooms, for cooking dishes from vegetables (white and red cabbage, for example), meat soups, minced meat, etc. Salads and herring, hot fish and meat dishes. Mustard powder is used to prepare beef and pork meat, various game, cold and hot sauces. Mustard is a good emulsifier, as it serves as a protective coating during the heat treatment of meat. poultry, veal and fish. At the same time, mustard not only prevents the meat juice from flowing out, but also flavors it. In the USA, a dry mix is ​​prepared from crushed black and white mustard seeds. With antibacterial properties, mustard seeds are used as a preservative for perishable foods.

The leaves of the plant are put in salads, in some countries they are seasoned with soups, marinated in vinegar. Greens are boiled, stewed and served as a side dish for fish and meat dishes.

Yellow mustard is used to produce oil used in cooking, food and chemical-pharmaceutical industries.

Yellow mustard oil is very stable and does not go rancid for a long time during storage. It is valued in baking, especially in the manufacture of sweet dough. For the preparation of the best varieties of canned food, mustard oil is used instead of Provence.

After extracting the oil from the seeds, the remaining cake is ground and the resulting powder is used to prepare table mustard, various seasonings and sauces, it is added to mayonnaise. How spicy seasoning to meat and fish dishes it stimulates appetite, enhances the secretion of gastric juice, increases the digestibility of food and thereby contributes to the normalization of digestion. Under the influence of yellow mustard, fatty and protein foods are processed faster in the stomach and are well digested in the intestines. In the elderly, mustard significantly improves metabolism, relieves constipation. Neutralize pathogenic flora in the gastrointestinal tract.

Table mustard is prepared as follows: mustard powder is thoroughly ground, poured with boiling water (2-3 tablespoons), stirred well. Pour 1 glass of hot water into the resulting thick mass and, without stirring, leave for a day. Then the excess water is carefully drained; add salt, sugar, vegetable oil; pour in vinegar, add cloves, cinnamon, pepper; mix thoroughly and let stand for about 3 hours - until the characteristic burning-sharp taste and smell appear. Ingredients: mustard powder - 50 g, sugar - 1 tbsp. spoon, vegetable oil - 2 tbsp. spoons, salt - on the tip of a knife, 3% vinegar - 2 tbsp. spoons.

Mustard dressing for salads is prepared like this: mustard, salt, sugar, pepper and egg yolks are rubbed, diluted with vinegar and seasoned with vegetable oil. Composition per 0.5 l of dressing: vegetable oil - 2/3 cup, egg yolks - 2 pcs, table mustard - 2 tbsp. spoons, 3% vinegar - 300 g, sugar - 2 teaspoons, salt - 1 teaspoon, ground pepper- 2-3 pinches.

Mustard yellow healing properties:

Part of mustard used: seeds.
Energy: spicy/warming/spicy.
Systems and organs: digestive, respiratory; lungs, stomach.
Action of mustard: antibacterial.
Indications: hypertension, diseases of the liver and gallbladder, digestive disorders, flatulence, rheumatism, sciatica, skin eczema, bronchitis.
Warnings: high fever, high Pitta, pulmonary tuberculosis and inflammation of the kidneys.
Mustard preparations: powder, oil, decoction.

Mustard yellow ( white) is one of the few plants that deserved the praise of the ancients, in particular Pythagoras and Avicenna. Its name is translated from the ancient as "luminous and joyful grass", or as "dew of light". It is a magical plant of Mars. It was believed that the mustard seed symbolizes omniscience, and the herb contains "a great and lustful power."

Mustard seeds are officially registered as a medicine in Turkey and Venezuela for vascular sclerosis, hypertension, liver and gallbladder diseases, digestive disorders, flatulence, rheumatism, sciatica and skin eczema. In China, it is prescribed in the form of a powder for neuralgia, for resorption of infiltrates in chronic skin diseases, hypertension, and bone tuberculosis.

scientific medicine.

The list of groups and specific names of diseases in which the use of yellow mustard in scientific medicine is allowed:
1. Diseases of the respiratory system - chronic bronchitis, acute respiratory diseases, pneumonia.
2. Collagenosis - rheumatism.
3. Diseases of the joints - gouty arthritis (polyarthritis).
4. Diseases of the digestive system - constipation.
5. Infectious diseases - fever.
6. Diseases of the ear, throat and nose - runny nose.
7. Neuropsychiatric diseases - nervous excitement, neuritis of the sciatic nerve, hysteria.
8. Skin - freckles.
9. The most commonly used properties in herbal medicine are emetic, improve appetite, improve digestion, tonic.

Ethnoscience.

Mustard seeds were used as a distraction for toothache, to sharpen vision and hearing, an anti-febrile agent, for pneumonia, inflammation of the tonsils, bronchitis, hypochondria, jaundice, intestinal atony, gout, hemorrhoids.

Even in the times of Hippocrates and Galen, mustard was valued as a good expectorant and antitussive, as well as a spicy-flavoring plant that improves digestion. The use of this spice in cold and damp weather is a prophylactic against colds.

Inside - with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, stomach cancer, with diseases of the respiratory system.

In ancient herbalists, it was recommended to mix 3 teaspoons of mustard powder with water into a thick mass for headaches, leave for 5 minutes, apply to a small piece of cloth and apply at the back at the base of the head for 5 minutes.

For toothache, chew mustard seeds.

Gargling was used for asthma, tonsillitis, paralysis of the tongue.

Seed oil was used for immobility of the joints, tumors, and urolithiasis.

Powder, a decoction of mustard seeds is taken orally for malignant neoplasms of various localization. The broth is prepared as follows: pour 1 teaspoon of seeds with 1 cup of boiling water, insist in a boiling water bath for 30 minutes, cool at room temperature 10 minutes, strain. Take 1 tablespoon 3-4 times daily before meals. Pure mustard powder is taken no more than at the tip of a knife (0.3-0.5 g) 3-4 times a day. The seeds were considered a remedy against incipient consumption; applied by swallowing a pinch 3 times a day.

Poor digestion, constipation. Crush 5-6 mustard seeds, mix with 1 teaspoon of honey. Take 15-20 minutes before meals with warm water.

Muscle and joint pain. Crush mustard seeds, mix with warm water and put through a cloth on a sore spot. Such compresses in the calf muscles and neck at the same time, if you hold them for at least 30 minutes, greatly relieve severe headaches.

Wet cough. 1/3 to ½ teaspoon of ground seeds are mixed with 1 teaspoon of honey and ½ teaspoon of ghee (ghee), taken 2-3 times a day with hot milk or warm water.

Avicenna recommended making healing dressings from mustard for asthma, applying the leaves along with sulfur to inflamed tumors, and using it externally in the treatment of trachoma, joint pain, inflammation of the sciatic nerve. He also advised to apply mustard bandages on the head of the sick, who are in lethargy, and let the grass juice in case of pain in the ears, drip on bad teeth. The ancients said that if you drink mustard on an empty stomach, it sharpens the mind.

mustard plasters. Mustard powder is made from the seeds, from which mustard dough is prepared, used as a mustard plaster to reduce pain in rheumatism or colds. To prepare mustard plasters at home, mustard powder is diluted with warm water to the consistency of a thick ointment. After 20-30 minutes, the mass is applied in a thin layer on a clean sheet of paper or cloth, covered with a piece of gauze and applied to the body for 10-15 minutes. Mustard seed dough or mustard plasters applied to the surface of the body cause irritation of sensitive nerve endings, resulting in reddening of the skin, which is associated with a rush of blood to this area. There is a redistribution of blood, contributing to the attenuation and reduction of inflammatory processes in the organs, breathing deepens with inflammation of the lungs, neuralgia. Impact on circulatory function in hypertensive crises, threatening stroke, angina pectoris.

Previously, mustard plasters were applied to the calves or soles of the feet as a distraction for high fever, headaches, rheumatism, and gout. Some doctors added crushed garlic, horseradish to it. Mustard plasters are used for bronchitis, pneumonia, pleurisy, myositis, neuritis, radiculitis, rheumatism. Usually they are put on for 15-20 minutes for adults and 5-7 minutes for children. To mitigate the irritating effect, it is sometimes mixed with flour. To get rid of a runny nose, mustard plasters are applied to the heels, bandaged and woolen socks are put on top. They hold for 1-2 hours, then the patient is allowed to walk quickly. Instead of mustard plasters, you can use gruel from crushed seeds. After removing mustard plasters, the skin must be thoroughly cleaned with cotton wool moistened with warm water, then it is useful to lubricate with petroleum jelly.
To divert severe headaches, patients with hypertension put mustard plasters on the neck, with angina pectoris - on the chest. Mustard powder is good to use to prevent colds. After severe hypothermia, it is very useful to lower your feet into a bucket or basin of warm water, while pouring 1-2 tablespoons of mustard powder. Foot baths are used for pain in the joints, a sharp increase in blood pressure.

With a prolonged chronic runny nose, it is good to pour dry mustard powder into socks and put them on at night.

In cosmetics, it was used to cleanse the skin of the face, it brought bruises, bruises. In Russia, mustard was used for scurvy, dropsy, shortness of breath, to excite "lust", i.e. sexual activity.

In folk medicine, yellow mustard is used as an antidote. By prescription traditional medicine ingestion of seeds or mustard powder in its pure form or diluted with milk helps with poisoning by any poisons.

Dosages and contraindications. Unless otherwise indicated, consume up to ¼ teaspoon per person. Mustard should not be given to children under 2 years of age. Large amounts of spices are contraindicated in pulmonary tuberculosis, peptic ulcers, inflammation of the kidneys, and pregnancy.

Homeopathy. In homeopathy, the seeds are taken against hay fever, colds, catarrh of the upper respiratory tract, hoarseness, and also against heartburn. With gastritis, they are recommended to be taken on an empty stomach, while drinking water. Start with 1 seed and increase the dose one by one daily until 20 are reached; then adjusted back to 0 in the same sequence. Another recipe: to make the voice sonorous, take mustard and pepper, grind finely, mix with unleavened honey and eat in the morning on an empty stomach.

The physiological activity of the active substances - brassinosteroids - manifests itself primarily in relation to other plants, which allows them to be used as phytohormones. Depending on the dose, the effect may be inhibitory (allelopathic effect) or stimulating the growth and development of other co-growing species.
The use of ecdysteroids and brassinosteroids today is associated with the actual implementation of the most fantastic projects of mankind - to learn how to control the activities of various living beings, including transgenic organisms (plants, animals, insects). The meaning here lies in the possibility of purposeful switching of certain genes responsible for one or another sphere of the body's activity, or for the biochemical processes occurring in it, according to the on-off principle. In practical terms, this will allow a person to get rid of many incurable diseases, as well as to switch from chemical to natural, environmentally friendly biological synthesis of many important substances.

Veterinary and animal husbandry. In veterinary medicine, seeds are given orally to improve digestion in doses: horses 20-50 g; cattle 50-100 g; small cattle 5-10 g; pigs 2-5 g; dogs 1-2 g. In animal husbandry, it is used as a supplement for all kinds of animals and birds. The energy value dry matter at grain level. Unlike the latter, green mass contains 30-35% crude protein, 14-22% fiber, many vitamins and nutrients.

Contraindications: The use of mustard is contraindicated in pulmonary tuberculosis and inflammation of the kidneys, pregnant women (have an abortive effect).

insect repellent

Mustard yellow ( white) is an environmentally friendly insecticide against leaf-eating and sucking pests of the garden. Especially effective against aphids. To process 70-80 g of powder, mix with a little water, add up to 10 liters and spray. The solution must be used immediately, as it loses toxicity over time. Mustard can be used in a mixture with other plants - pine and spruce needles, fern leaves, caustic buttercup grass, etc.

Other names: yellow mustard, white mustard, Sinapis alba L. Cruciferae, English mustard. White Mustard, pepper or white pepper.

Kingdom: Plants

Department: Angiosperms

Class: Dicotyledons

Order: Cabbage

Family: Cabbage

Genus: Mustard

Kind: White mustard

White mustard, or English mustard (lat. Sinápis álba) is a species of annual herbaceous plants of the genus Mustard, Cabbage family. The specific epithet "white" comes from the color of the seeds.

There are about 40 varieties, but the most famous are yellow mustard, black mustard, and Sarepta mustard.

Plant height 25-100 cm.

Stems are stiff, hairy, sometimes almost glabrous, erect, branched at the top. The lower leaves are lyre-pinnatifid, the upper lobe is broadly oval, consisting of three lobes, lateral lobes - 2-3 pairs; upper leaves on shorter petioles, with fewer lobes and their sharper outlines; less often the lower leaves are dissected into narrow lobes; all rough-haired, rarely almost naked.

The flowers are pale yellow or white, collected in many-flowered (25-100 flowers) racemose inflorescence; nail 1½ times shorter than limb. Pedicels at the fruit horizontally rejected, rarely ascending, 0.8-1.3 cm long. The plant is insect pollinated.

Mustard flowers in June-July. The fruits ripen in August.

The fruit is a pod filled with small, round, light yellow seeds. Pods are straight or curved, rough, tuberculate, usually covered with hard protruding hairs, 2-4 cm long, with a flat xiphoid spout, equal in length to or longer than the valves, rarely somewhat shorter; sometimes pods with very short valves and 1-2 seeds. Fruits do not crack. Seeds are spherical, smooth, creamy. The weight of 1000 seeds is 5.2-6.0 grams. Of all the types of mustard, white mustard has the largest seeds, light yellow or straw yellow in color.

Reproduction occurs with the help of seeds.

Yellow mustard is not picky about the soil and is more cold-resistant than Sarepta, but less drought-resistant. Yellow mustard sprouts quite easily tolerate frosts down to -6 ° C, and germinate at a temperature of 1-2 ° C.

Chemical composition

Young mustard leaves are rich in B and P vitamins, flavonoids, growth substances, contain up to 0.2% calcium and 0.0002% iron, 0.0002% carotene, up to 0.056% ascorbic acid (vitamin C).

The flowers of the plant, especially the pollen, as well as the seeds, contain a class of substances called brassinosteroids (brassinolides). These are substances with extremely high biological activity (up to 15 zeros after the decimal point), identical in chemical structure to ecdysteroids. Both classes of new substances in plants were first discovered by Japanese scientists: first ecdysteroids in 1966, then brassinosteroids.

Seeds contain sinalbin (about 2.5%), proteins, minerals (up to 10%), saponins (6.5%), myrosin enzyme, thioglycoside; about 0.2-2.89% essential (mustard) oil, which includes alligard (up to 40%) and crotonyl mustard (50%) oils, as well as traces of carbon disulfide and dimethyl sulfide; 16.5-38.5% high-quality oil, which contains sinalbin glucoside, potassium salt - all this is a liquid with a pleasant smell, dark yellow color and a characteristic bitter peculiar taste. The composition of fatty mustard oil includes unsaturated fatty acids: oleic - 28%; erucic - 52.5%; linoleic - 14.5%; arachidic - 1%; palmetic - 2%; linolenic - 1%. P-hydroxybenzyl mustard oil is formed after fermentation. The enzyme myrosin in the water sphere and when exposed to temperature breaks down the glycoside into glucose, potassium sulfite and essential mustard oil. The oil gives the mustard a specific smell and a burning taste due to the substance sinigrin glycoside.

Agricultural technology and application.

Yellow mustard is cultivated mostly for its oil content and as a spice. The main places of industrial sowing are Western Europe, middle lane Russia and India.

Mustard yellow is one of the most important honey plants, nectar (sugar in it 18%) and pollen are obtained from it. Honey turns pale yellow, when candied it acquires a creamy color, has a specific spicy taste and pleasant aroma. However, honey crystallizes very quickly, so it is not suitable for bees to feed in winter and requires quick cleaning from the hive. Up to 40 kg of honey is collected from 1 hectare of crops, even on days with cold nights.

When young, mustard can be used as livestock feed, but it is a separate seed, which is removed while still green.

In India, in addition to agro-industrial sowing, yellow mustard is grown in gardens, its young leaves are used as vegetables.

Yellow mustard is also used to deoxidize and improve the soil in the form of green fertilizer (the biomass is crushed and buried). Suppresses the growth and development of weed species, cleans the soil from pathogens of agricultural crops. However, yellow mustard itself can be a harmful field weed.

Mustard powder is used as a means of protection against pests in the garden and vegetable garden. In the household, it was previously used as a means for washing dishes, especially those stained with grease.

Yellow mustard is one of the fastest growing and ripening crops. But for food purposes, because of this, it must be sown at several times, with an interval of 2-3 weeks.

Yellow mustard is propagated by seeds. The seeding rate for normal sowing is 15-18 kg/ha, and for wide-seed sowing 10-12 kg/ha. To the soil, as well as to weather conditions and frosts, it is not demanding, but favorably perceives fertilizing with nitrogen fertilizers. Sowing dates - the entire growing season. Seeding depth - from 2-3 to 4-5 cm, depending on the type of soil and the nature of moisture. The optimal planting density is: 10-20 x 20 cm - to obtain a green crop; 30 x 50 - for seeds. Yellow mustard, because its pods do not crack, is harvested with a combine when the seeds are fully ripe, when the pods turn brown-yellow. Plants are dried on hangers and threshed. Store seeds in warm, dry and well ventilated areas. The seed yield is approximately 1.5 t/ha.

Mode of application

White mustard seeds have a more delicate and piquant taste in comparison with black mustard and Sarepta.

Mustard seed is used as a whole or in ground form for canning vegetables, mushrooms, for cooking vegetable dishes (white and red cabbage, for example), meat soups, minced meat, etc. Salads and herring, hot fish and meat dishes are seasoned with seeds. Mustard powder is used to prepare beef and pork meat, various game, cold and hot sauces. Mustard is a good emulsifier, as it serves as a protective coating during the heat treatment of poultry meat, veal and fish. At the same time, mustard not only prevents the meat juice from flowing out, but also flavors it. With antibacterial properties, mustard seeds are used as a preservative for perishable foods.

Mustard powder can be used to make table mustard, seasonings and sauces, salad dressings, homemade mayonnaise.

As a spicy seasoning, it stimulates the appetite, enhances the secretion of gastric juice, increases the digestibility of food and thus helps to normalize digestion. Under the influence of yellow mustard, fatty and protein foods are processed faster in the stomach and are well digested in the intestines. In the elderly, mustard significantly improves metabolism, relieves constipation. Neutralize pathogenic flora in the gastrointestinal tract.

Beneficial features

Mustard seeds are officially registered as a medicine in Turkey and Venezuela for vascular sclerosis, hypertension, liver and gallbladder diseases, digestive disorders, flatulence, rheumatism, sciatica and skin eczema. In China, it is prescribed in the form of a powder for neuralgia, for resorption of infiltrates in chronic skin diseases, hypertension, and bone tuberculosis.

Mustard seeds were used as an anti-febrile agent, for pneumonia, inflammation of the tonsils, bronchitis, hypochondria, jaundice, intestinal atony, gout, hemorrhoids. Mustard is a good expectorant and antitussive. The use of this spice in cold and damp weather is a prophylactic against colds. Gargling was used for asthma, sore throat. And mustard powder compresses are good for muscle and joint pain. With a prolonged chronic runny nose, it is good to pour dry mustard powder into socks and put them on at night.

Indications:

Systems and organs: digestive, respiratory; lungs, stomach.

Action of mustard: antibacterial.

Indications for use: hypertension, diseases of the liver and gallbladder, digestive disorders, flatulence, rheumatism, sciatica, skin eczema, bronchitis.