Acetic essence

Acetic essence- the name of an 80% aqueous solution of acetic acid, obtained in industry by pyrolysis of wood or from mineral hydrocarbon raw materials. In principle, vinegar essence can also be obtained from vinegar produced by acetic acid fermentation of alcohol-containing liquids, but this is not economically viable, therefore, in modern conditions all vinegar essence is made from purified acetic acid, produced from non-food raw materials.

Application

Acetic essence, and more often food acetic acid (70% strength), are used to prepare marinades, canned food, etc. (see Canning), as well as table vinegar.

Toxicity

Poisoning with vinegar essence or food acetic acid are among the most common household intoxications, they are usually the result of suicide attempts, less often they occur when the essence is accidentally taken. A dose of 30-50 ml of food grade acetic acid can be fatal if left untreated.

Signs of poisoning

Severe burns of the mucous membrane of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus and stomach; the consequences of the absorption of vinegar essence are acidosis, hemolysis, hemoglobinuria, a violation of blood clotting, accompanied by severe gastrointestinal bleeding. Characterized by a significant thickening of the blood due to the loss of plasma through the burned mucous membrane, which can cause shock. Dangerous complications of poisoning with vinegar essence include acute renal failure and toxic liver dystrophy.

First aid

drinking plenty of fluids; Inducing vomiting is extremely dangerous, as the secondary passage of acid through the esophagus will aggravate the burn. Gastric lavage through a probe is shown. Immediate hospitalization is required.

Prevention

Compliance with the rules for storing vinegar essence. (Previously, the essence was produced in bottles of a triangular section, in order to exclude the possibility of confusing it with other liquids or vinegar).


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    Trade name for an 80% aqueous solution of food grade acetic acid. Causes burns on contact with skin...

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    ACETIC ACID- (CH3COOH) colorless liquid with a pungent odor; highly soluble in water (80% aqueous solution of food U. to. vinegar essence). U. c. is obtained by the oxidation of acetaldehyde and other methods, food U. c. by acetic acid fermentation of alcoholic liquids ... Russian encyclopedia of labor protection

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Description

Acetic acid at a concentration of almost 100% is called glacial, an aqueous solution of this acid (70-80%) is called vinegar essence, and a strongly acidic liquid with a concentration of 3-15% is the well-known ordinary vinegar. It should be noted that acetic acid in various concentrations is actively used in industry, in particular in food (E260), as well as for home cooking food, for example, for canning.

If you follow official data, then an 80% aqueous solution of edible acetic acid, which is obtained industrially in the process of fermentation of acetic alcohol-containing liquids, is commonly called vinegar essence. As a rule, vinegar essence is further used to obtain less concentrated table vinegar, as well as the preparation of marinades and canning.

Very often, according to one or another recipe, ordinary 9% vinegar is required, and only essence is available, or vice versa. Such a turn of affairs of many housewives confuses, in fact, both of these products are interchangeable. And the main thing you need is to know the exact proportions.

For example, to get ordinary table vinegar from 70% essence, you need to take 1 tablespoon of essence

  • - for 3% vinegar - 20 tbsp. water;
  • - for 6% - by 11 tbsp. water;
  • - for 9% - for 7 tbsp. water.

For the reverse process, you will have to reduce the amount of water, but take more ordinary table vinegar. That is, to get 1 tablespoon of vinegar essence at a concentration of 70%, you need to take:

  • - for 7 tbsp. water - 8 tbsp. 9% vinegar;
  • - 11 tablespoons water - 12 tbsp. 6%;
  • - 20 tablespoons water - 21 tbsp. 3%.

Acetic acid preparations

Glacial acetic acid - Acetum aceticum glaciale - contains 96% CH3COOH, is used as a cauterizing agent for corns and warts.

Acetic essence, diluted acetic acid (30–80%) - Acidum aceticum dilutum - is used as an itching and keratolytic agent as part of various ointments. 30% vinegar essence, along with formalin, is used for fungal diseases and foot mycosis as a means for disinfecting shoes, treating insoles to prevent self-infection: the inner surface and insoles of shoes are wiped with 30% vinegar essence applied to a cotton swab and placed in a tightly tied plastic bag on 2 hours, after which the shoes are aired until the smell disappears.

Table vinegar (9%) - Acetum - diluted (2-5 tablespoons per glass of water) is used as a sedative for skin itching, hives, insect bites.

In undiluted form, vinegar is used for pediculosis to remove head lice nits. AT traditional medicine Vinegar is used to prepare a decoction of calamus rhizomes used to treat baldness and hair loss, a decoction of nettle leaves used to treat seborrheic alopecia.

Table vinegar mixed with boric acid and cologne or alcohol (boric lotion) is used for excessive sweating (hyperhidrosis).

Aromatic vinegar - Acetum aromaticum - greens of tarragon, celery or dill (50 g) per 0.5 l of 9% table vinegar, you can also add a leaf black currant and lime blossom (50 g). Infuse for 2 weeks, filter, and store in a tightly corked dark glass bottle. Aromatic vinegar is used for rubbing the skin, tightens enlarged pores of the face, has an astringent and refreshing effect, and is used for hyperhidrosis (sweating).

Apple cider vinegar is used as a disinfectant and sedative for daily rubbing of affected skin areas with pyoderma (impetigo).

Acetic acid poisoning

Acetic acid acts more superficially than inorganic acids. Otherwise, its action in case of poisoning is similar to the action of inorganic acids (nitric, sulfuric, hydrochloric).

Vapors of acetic acid, when poisoned, enter the lungs and are excreted by them, which leads to severe pneumonia.

Hemolysis and associated hemoglobinuria are characteristic.

A lethal dose is 12–15 ml of anhydrous acid or 20–40 ml of vinegar essence (200–300 ml of table vinegar).

Acetic acid is easily determined at autopsy by a specific smell; necrosis, hemorrhage in the liver, hemolysis, necrotic nephrosis, etc. are also characteristic.

Properties

Acetic acid (CH3COOH, acidum aceticum) - natural limiting monocarboxylic organic acid, is a colorless transparent liquid with a specific odor.

Acetic acid is the starting material for the biosynthesis in the body of fatty acids, steroids, sterols, terpenes. Participates in the formation of acetyl coenzyme A.

The benefits of vinegar essence

Vinegar essence cannot be counted useful product, but without it it is impossible to carry out some culinary processes. In moderation, vinegar essence has a stimulating effect on metabolic processes in the body. Vinegar helps the body fight various infections, removes putrefactive formations from the body.

How to work with essence

The safety rules are simple:

  • Keep the essence out of the reach of children and pets.
  • The container must always be signed.
  • In no case should you eat undiluted essence - it is deadly.
  • Acetic acid causes severe burns of the mucous membranes, so you need to work with it very carefully, avoiding contact with the skin and eyes.
  • In case of contact with skin, rinse with plenty of running water, then with a weak solution of baking soda.
  • In case of contact with eyes, rinse with plenty of running water and seek medical advice immediately.
  • The fumes are also dangerous and can cause respiratory burns, so try not to inhale them.

Caloric content of Vinegar essence 11.3 kcal.

Energy value of the product Acetic essence (Proportion of proteins, fats, carbohydrates):

Proteins: 0 g (~0 kcal)
Fat: 0 g (~0 kcal)
Carbohydrates: 3 g (~12 kcal)

Energy ratio (b|g|y): 0%|0%|106%

Harm and contraindications

By itself, vinegar essence is a toxic inedible substance used in everyday life. It is this liquid that often causes intoxication and serious poisoning. Indeed, in the absence of timely assistance, only 30-50 ml of 80% vinegar essence can become a lethal dose.

If by chance the vinegar essence got inside the body, then this can lead to severe burns of the mucous membrane of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus or stomach. In addition, even a single use of this liquid can lead to diseases such as hemolysis, hemoglobinuria, acidosis, as well as a violation of blood clotting, which is accompanied by severe bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract. To avoid these unpleasant consequences, it is necessary to use vinegar and any other essence only in diluted form and in small quantities, and also to store it as far as possible from children.

Some people believe that there is no difference between vinegar and the acid of the same name. But such an opinion is incorrect, and the two products cannot be called interchangeable. Consider what features are present in each case and how vinegar differs from acetic acid.

Acetic acid is an aggressive substance with the formula CH 3 COOH.

Comparison

In each case, the object of attention is a colorless, sometimes slightly colored liquid of natural or synthetic origin. And the difference between vinegar and acetic acid lies in the content of the main substance.

The main ingredient is acetic acid. It can be absolute, anhydrous. You will not find such a product in the free market. It is intended for laboratory use only. Acid is handled with extreme caution, since even its vapors are highly irritating to the respiratory mucosa. And ingestion of a very small dose can cause a fatal burn.

However, there is a product of this category on the shelves, which is an acid diluted 20-30% with water. It's called "vinegar essence". The concentration of the main substance in such a solution is also very high, so care must be taken here as well. Essence is most often purchased in order to further add water to it in the right amount and get nothing more than vinegar. This final composition has a less pronounced sour taste.

So, vinegar is a solution with the smallest concentration of the base substance. It can reach 15%. But the composition in which the share of food acid is much less - 9 or 6% is most widely used. Already ready product you can easily buy in a regular store.

Considering what is the difference between vinegar and acetic acid, it is worth mentioning the benefits of products of this category. The sour composition is in demand as an important ingredient in everyday cooking and for preservation. But vinegar is used not only for food purposes.

With it, for example, you can remove rust and scale from objects, as well as eliminate blockages, using soda and boiling water in addition. Vinegar added to a vase of flowers prolongs the life of the bouquet. This composition will remove the stale smell from the refrigerator or cabinet, one has only to wipe the surface with a damp cloth. Vinegar finds its use in many other ways.

Table vinegar is a product known to mankind since ancient times. Already in the III century BC, people used vinegar for various purposes. Vinegar was an indispensable component for the preservation of products (especially important in the absence of refrigeration units), various dyes were obtained with its help, and so on. Vinegar is widely used today. In any kitchen, you can find a bottle of vinegar, especially if the hostess is fond of canning.

But such a wide distribution of vinegar sometimes leads to poisoning - vinegar is confused with acetic acid, which is the main cause of accidents. Consider the similarities and differences between vinegar and acetic acid.

What is acetic acid

Acetic acid is also called ethanoic acid, and its chemical formula CH3COOH. In ancient times, acetic acid was obtained by fermentation grape wine or other products (for example, apple juice). During the Renaissance, metal acetates were used to produce acetic acid. Interestingly, the properties of this acid change depending on the dissolution, that is, aqueous solutions of acetic acid of different percentages show different properties and qualities. For this reason, chemists for a very long time believed that acid produced with metal acetates was a different substance than that obtained from organic substances (from wine or juice). It was only in the 16th century that it was proved that, regardless of the method of preparation, it is still the same acetic acid.

In the 19th century, acetic acid was obtained by the synthesis of inorganic substances: carbon disulfide was used as the feedstock.

Acetic acid under normal conditions is an aqueous solution with a concentration 80% . There is also anhydrous or glacial acetic acid - according to appearance it resembles ice, hence the name. The concentration of such an acid is 99-100%. Acetic anhydride is also produced, but it is used in the pharmaceutical industry (synthesis of aspirin).

Like any concentrated acid, acetic acid is a hazard. There are cases when people mistakenly drank acetic acid, and this led to burns of the mucous membrane of the nasopharynx, stomach and esophagus, and chemical burns are considered the most severe even when it comes to skin burns, to say nothing of internal organs. In addition, ingestion of acetic acid causes other complications, for example, bleeding disorders, shock, and so on. Therefore, if you keep acetic acid at home, then it is necessary that it be out of the reach of children, and also stored in a container that cannot be confused with any harmless liquid.

ATTENTION! Fatal outcome occurs with the use of acetic acid from 20 ml and more!

What is vinegar

Vinegar has the same chemical formula as acetic acid and is the same chemical compound. The only difference between vinegar and acetic acid is that ordinary acetic acid is a concentrated acetic solution (about 80%), while vinegar is a strong aqueous solution, and its concentration is 6-9% .

Acetic acid is used mainly in production, and in domestic conditions, its weak solution is used, which we call table vinegar. Vinegar is used to preserve food, and in some cases as an antipyretic. It should be noted that vinegar does not serve as an antipyretic agent for internal, but only for external use - it is used for rubbing at high temperatures, and lotions are also moistened with vinegar (in this case, the lotion stays cool longer).

You need to know that acetic acid irritates the mucous membrane of the nasopharynx, its effect is especially strong when heated, and in fact, often when preserving at home, you have to prepare a marinade by adding vinegar to boiling water. Therefore, it is required that the room where home preservation of products is carried out is well ventilated. It is also not recommended to be indoors during canning for people suffering from pulmonary diseases.

Getting vinegar from concentrate

In the “sunset season”, when all housewives rush to preserve vegetables for the winter, it happens that ordinary table vinegar disappears in stores, but vinegar essence is sold. If you're not going to descale kettles or pots (and acetic acid does an excellent job), then the essence can be easily turned into regular vinegar, and then used to preserve food. In order for acetic acid to become vinegar, you just need to add water to it.

Acetic compounds find their application in many areas. The proportion of the main substance in them may be different. Let's consider the issue in more detail and find out how acetic acid differs from acetic essence.

General information

The base substance in all cases is acetic acid. In appearance, it resembles water - the same transparent liquid. However, in this case, the characteristics will be a sharp, aggressive smell and a pronounced sour taste. However, trying such a product of a food variety (as well as inhaling its vapors) is permissible only in a diluted version, otherwise you can get severe burns.

Produce the specified substance different ways, including through fermentation, when the action of certain bacteria in wine liquids is used. Acetic compounds are in demand in household cooking and food preservation. They, like ammonia, bring to life a person who has fainted, and sometimes become a medicine, for example, against a fungus. The practical use of such liquids can also be found in their ability to corrode scale on instrument elements.

Comparison

So, the two subjects of discussion are of the same nature. And the difference between acetic acid and acetic essence lies in the degree of concentration. In the first case, we are talking about a specific chemical substance, which is taken as a basis. I must say, you will not find absolute, undiluted acetic acid on the store counter.

Meanwhile, you can buy vinegar essence. This is also a very strong composition, but it has a noticeable percentage of water. The inscription on the label of the purchased product "Acetic acid 70%" means what proportion of the main substance is in this liquid, which is essentially an essence.

In addition to those named, there is another compound in the same category, simply called vinegar. There is even less acid in this aqueous solution. Its concentration here can be within, say, six or nine percent. Table vinegar, used in salads and other dishes, is bought ready-made or obtained by diluting the essence strictly according to the instructions.

Summarize. What is the difference between acetic acid and acetic essence? The fact that the first product is basic, and the second is derivative. Mix acid with water in different proportions. The concentrated composition will be the essence. A weaker solution is the well-known vinegar.